The Effect of Hydroxytyrosol (HXT) and Local Olive Oil (LOO) on Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Changes in the Liver Resulting from Induced Hyperlipidaemia in Male Rats

Abstract

Background: Reactive oxygen species are produced through many internal and external processes. Its negative effects are neutralized by the antioxidant defenses.
Aim: To study the role of local olive oil and Hydroxytyrosol in improving the level of oxidation - antioxidants balance.
Materials and methods: In this study 30 males from white rats were used. They were divided into 6 groups with close weights. The first group (control group) was given a standard diet and the second group (cholesterol group) was given a diet containing 2% cholesterol throughout the eight-week trial period, while the third, fourth, fifth and sixth groups were given a high-cholesterol diet for two weeks and then gavages with LOO only, HXT only, LOO + HXT and ATOR respectively for six weeks while continuing on the diet rich in cholesterol. Results: The results of the study showed a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in malondialdehyde level and a significant decrease in the level of glutathione and catalase. Additionally, liver histological changes induced, which include fibrosis (F), central vein well thickening (CVWT), lymphocytes infiltration (LI) with bile ducts sclerosis (BDS), congestions (CON), note degeneration (D) and necrosis (N) in infected cholesterol group compared to the healthy control group. While the groups of infected animals that were gavages with OO, HXT, OO + HXT and ATOR drug showed an improvement in all the above variables, as LOO + HXT substance exceeded all treatments.
Conclusion: oxidative stress is associated with many chronic diseases and that the synergistic role of LOO and HXT played a key role as an antioxidant and positively influence the liver damages induced by oxidative stress.